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This narration was update at 10:32 am ET on Aug. 19 .
The insatiable need for ivory is do a dramatic decline in the number of African elephant . poacher are hunting the animal faster than it can procreate , with deaths affecting more than half of elephant families in the Samburu National Reserve in Kenya , a Modern study finds .
The male elephant Changila, shortly before poachers killed him near the Samburu National Reserve in Kenya.
In 2011 , the sorry African elephant poaching year on record since 1998 , poachers killed an estimated 40,000 elephants , or about 8 percentage of the elephant population in Africa . In the absence of poaching , African elephant population grow about 4.2 pct each year , the researchers institute based on detailed records from Samburu .
African Elephantsare an thinking species ; individualscooperate with one anotherandconsole one another in time of distress , but mass unfortunately like their ivory tusk , said the study ’s lead researcher , George Wittemyer , an assistant professor of fish , wildlife and preservation biota at Colorado State University .
Wittemyer has studied African elephants in Kenya for the past 17 age , monitoring theircomplex social lives . In 2009 , a drouth conduct to the deaths of about 12 percentage of elephants in Kenya . The animals ' numbers dribble further when a undulation of poaching , which has been on-going since that year , upset the population . [ Elephant Images : The self-aggrandising Beasts on Land ]
The remains of two adult elephants in northern Kenya suggest that poachers killed them together.
" Sadly , in 2009 , we had a terrible drought , and we commence see to it a lot of illegal kill of elephants as well as lifelike deaths , " Wittemyer told Live Science . " We ’ve been struggling to reply . We ’ve been trying to recover solutions to dampen the illegal violent death . "
His team used data on instinctive deaths versus poaching demise in the Samburu National Reserve in Kenya , and then go for these numbers to a continent - blanket database called MIKE , or Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants . Started in 2002 , MIKE is maintain by biotic community across Africa that describe when , where and how elephant die .
The researchers created two computer models : one that look at 12 MIKE sites with the best carcass data , and a second that examined all 306 sites , even those with less information about elephant death . The researchers did not include areas in West Africa , which is base to about 2 percent of the African elephant universe , because data there are sparse , Wittemyer said .
In the past 10 years , elephant numbers at the 12 website have decreased by 7 pct , which take into story that elephant number were mostly increasing until 2009 . Elephants in fundamental Africa decreased by more than 60 percent in the past 10 class , according to an analysis of three locations in the 12 - site model . Poaching is so far-flung that 75 percent of elephant universe across the continent have been declining since 2009 , with only 25 percent register static or increase number , Wittemyer said .
" Alarming step-up in illegal killing for tusk are drive African elephants rapidly into extinction , " sound out Peter Leimgruber , a preservation biologist at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute , who was not involved in the study .
Poaching rates for tusk are unsustainable and exceed the natural growth rate of baseless elephant , Leimgruber said . " This means that elephant population currently reject by nigh 60 to 70 percent every 10 eld , making it probable for the species to go extinct in the close hereafter if poaching andthe illegal ivory tradeare not stopped , " he say .
Much of the ivory demand comes fromChinaand Southeast Asia . Many people see ivory as a status symbolization and an aesthetic investment , especially for spiritual interpreting , whereas others turn to ivory for mass - consumption mathematical product , such as watchband and chopsticks , Wittemyer said .
A interchangeable ivory boom in the late 1970s and 1980s point out when 115 countries choose to banish the international trade of ivory in 1989.Today , researcher hope that preservation organizations , as well as high - visibility pleader such as Chinese basketball game player Yao Ming , will help to halt the ivory demand .
Poachers killed an average of 33,630 elephant every year from 2010 to 2012 , result in more than 100,000 death across the continent , the study found . Illegal killings across Africa decreased somewhat in 2010 , but they were still higher than pre-2009 levels , the researchers reported . As more elephants are poach , the issue of governmental seizures of illegal ivory increase , and the black market price of tusk goes up .
" The spike in the upward trend does look to have leveled off , but at unsustainably gamey point , " John E. Scanlon , secretary general of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora , who was not need in the sketch , told Live Science . " We know what need to be done , and we must raise our efforts in the front lines to address provision and need across source , transportation and destination country . "
The study was published today ( Aug. 18 ) in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .
