How 911 Became the Emergency Call Number

Before the 1960s , the United States did n’t have one worldwide phone turn for Americans to call if they require assistance from the police or ardor department . telephoner just had to know the phone numeral for each section in the area they were currently in .

In the cause of large cities , there were often multiple constabulary and fire departments covering unlike areas . Los Angeles , for model , had fifty unlike constabulary departments and just as many earpiece numbers . telephony operators would unremarkably be left to point emergency calls if the caller was n’t sure which section or phone routine they needed . Oftentimes there would be further delays upon getting the constabulary or fire section on the line if the clerks who answered the sound were in use with another caller . Needless to say , this system was n’t optimized to get emergency help where it involve to go very quickly .

To work this problem , the National Fire Chief ’s Association advise a national emergency phone turn in 1957 . But it was n’t until 1967 that President Lyndon B. Johnson help get the ball rolling . A written report to President Johnson ’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice suggested that a single telephone set telephone number should be designated for callers to habituate in parking brake nationwide , or at least in major cities . The theme also recommended that police force departments have two phone production line : one for emergencies and another for even job call . That manner callers wait to report an emergency would n’t be stuck on hold while the clerk serve someone who was simply looking for information .

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To make this oecumenical emergency issue a reality , the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) partnered with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company ( also known as AT&T ) in late 1967 to figure out what the number should be . After mulling it over , AT&T nominate in 1968 that the numbers 9 - 1 - 1 should make up the new universal exigency phone number .

Why the numbers 9 - 1 - 1 specifically ? Simply put , the earphone number 9 - 1 - 1 is short , promiscuous to remember , and can be dialed relatively quickly given the few digits . This was especially important in sometime - style rotary / impulse - dialing phones , which were still popular when the 9 - 1 - 1 organisation was first implemented . ( The touching - tone phone was n’t first widely introduced until 1963 and take a few decades to completely supplant orbitual phones . ) In addition , the fact that it was only three digits intend the identification number could easy be severalise from other , normal phone numbers in AT&T ’s internal system and routed to a particular location without too many changes to the AT&T net . ( A few year before , AT&T had implemented their 6 - 1 - 1 and 4 - 1 - 1 numbers , so commend 9 - 1 - 1 made this a relatively simple upgrade for them . )

Congress supported AT&T ’s proposal for 9 - 1 - 1 as the national emergency number and extend legislation to that affect . for make things fair for telephone companies that needed to update their equipment and offices in rules of order to handle the new 9 - 1 - 1 call system , the Bell System policy was create . The insurance commingle the costs of improvements into the basic rate that telephone company charged their customers .

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Just over ten years after Congress base 9 - 1 - 1 as the country ’s universal parking brake phone number , around 26 % of United States citizens could dial 9 - 1 - 1 and be connected with their local emergency brake service . It might storm you to learn that even just 25 years ago , in 1989 , that number had risen only to 50 % . However , just a decade after that , it rose to 93 % of the country . Today , close to 99 % of masses in the United States have access to the 9 - 1 - 1 emergency phone number system .

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Bonus fact :

Great Britain was the first commonwealth to found a universal pinch identification number ( 999 ) in 1937 . It was base after five people perish in a flack .

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America ’s first emergency system that used 9 - 1 - 1 was in Haleyville , Alabama , and the state ’s first 9 - 1 - 1 call was made there on February 16 , 1968 . The person who set the call was Senator Rankin Fite . The person who answered it was U.S. Representative Tom Beville who was waiting at the Haleyville police department for the call . Nome , Alaska , build the country ’s 2d 9 - 1 - 1 emergency brake organization only a few workweek after Haleyville .

9 - 1 - 1 is now international thanks to Canada adopting the figure as its emergency number .

in the beginning , the 9 - 1 - 1 system of rules based its location gouge on the telephone issue the person was yell from . This prove to be a inadequate organization as many times municipal bounds and telephony exchange limit are n’t the same , so call were n’t always absolutely routed . To make this , Enhanced 9 - 1 - 1 was introduce , which used addresses , rather than phone numbers for rootle 9 - 1 - 1 calls .

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electric cell and VoIP earphone have introduce some novel problems to the old 9 - 1 - 1 and enhance 9 - 1 - 1 system , namely trying to figure out where the person in question is making the earphone call from . For prison cell speech sound , the FCC requires very rigid location parameters either via GPS tracking of the cell headphone or by cell net location . In the former pillow slip , it needs to be accurate to within 150 metre for a lower limit of 90 % of the 9 - 1 - 1 calls and within 50 meters for a lower limit of 67 % of the calls . In the latter web placement case , it needs to be accurate to within 300 meters for 90 % of the song and 100 meters for 67 % of the calls . It is look that over time the FCC will persist in to require these system to be more and more precise .

Beyond these types of upgrades to the organization , a fault to electric cell phone usage has introduce the possibility of texting 9 - 1 - 1 to receive help . While the system is still being rolled out , many carriers such as AT&T , Sprint , T - Mobile , and Verizon now brook this and it is ask that all will support it by December 31 , 2014 . To get around the job of the individual sending the textual matter make love whether the texting 9 - 1 - 1 organisation is available in their orbit , if you send one where this is n’t available yet , you should receive an automatonlike response text message telling you it ’s not usable .

Other “ N-1 - 1″ numbers include 2 - 1 - 1 : which is for community service information ; 3 - 1 - 1 for non - emergency municipal government services ; 4 - 1 - 1 : directory assistance ; 5 - 1 - 1 : dealings information and non - emergency police force services ; 6 - 1 - 1 : telephony company client service ; 7 - 1 - 1 : Telecommunications gimmick for the Deaf ( TDD ) relay ; 8 - 1 - 1 : underground public utility program services .

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